[Campbell Biology P.978] Based on the provided text and Figure 42.9, which of the following ... | Practice Question
Based on the provided text and Figure 42.9, which of the following statements accurately describe the structural and functional differences between major blood vessel types? Select all that apply
A: Arteries have significantly thicker walls than veins of similar diameter, which helps them withstand the high pressure of blood pumped by the heart.
B: Capillaries are uniquely adapted for the exchange of substances between blood and interstitial fluid due to their extremely thin walls, consisting only of an endothelium and a basal lamina.
C: Veins possess valves along their length that prevent the backflow of blood, ensuring unidirectional flow despite lower blood pressure.
D: All three types of blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, veins) possess a well-developed smooth muscle layer for regulating blood flow and vessel diameter.
E: The endothelium, a single layer of flattened epithelial cells, is exclusively found lining the lumen of capillaries to facilitate efficient gas exchange.
Explanation
The text states that arterial walls are thick, strong, and elastic to accommodate high pressure A . Capillaries have very thin walls endothelium and basal lamina for substance exchange B . Veins contain valves to maintain unidirectional flow due to low pressure C . However, capillaries lack the smooth muscle layer found in arteries and veins D is incorrect , and endothelium lines all blood vessels, not just capillaries E is incorrect .