[Campbell Biology P.1134] According to the 'Memory formation' section and associated diagram,... | Practice Question

According to the 'Memory formation' section and associated diagram, what is the fundamental process by which information is stored and learning occurs in the brain?

  • A: The growth of entirely new neurons to encode new experiences.
  • B: Increased overall metabolic activity across the entire brain to retain information.
  • C: The selective strengthening and weakening of connections (synapses) among particular neurons.
  • D: The complete elimination of all inactive synapses to make room for new information.

Explanation

The 'Memory formation' section explicitly states: 'Information is stored by reinforcing patterns of active connections synapses among particular neurons.' The accompanying diagram further illustrates that 'Synapses that are active in synchrony A and B are strengthened. Synapses that are not part of an active circuit C are weakened or lost.' This describes the selective strengthening and weakening of synapses.