[Campbell Biology P.208] Based on the "The Evolution of Enzymes" section, which of the follo... | Practice Question

Based on the "The Evolution of Enzymes" section, which of the following scenarios best explains how a novel enzyme function might arise and persist in a population?

  • A: An enzyme's active site undergoes a mutation that allows it to bind a new, readily available substrate, providing a selective advantage.
  • B: An organism intentionally changes its enzyme structure in response to a new metabolic need.
  • C: All enzymes in a population spontaneously develop new functions simultaneously to adapt to environmental changes.
  • D: A permanent change in a gene always leads to a more efficient enzyme, regardless of environmental conditions.

Explanation

The text explains that a mutation permanent change in a gene can result in changed amino acids, which in the case of an enzyme, might lead to a novel activity or ability to bind to a different substrate. If this new function benefits the organism under environmental conditions, natural selection will favor it, causing it to persist in the population.