[Campbell Biology P.1035] Which statement accurately describes the characteristics and functi... | Practice Question

Which statement accurately describes the characteristics and function of the two main types of nephrons found in the human kidney as depicted and described in the provided information?

  • A: Cortical nephrons extend deep into the medulla and are essential for producing hyperosmotic urine.
  • B: Juxtamedullary nephrons constitute 85% of human nephrons and reach only a short distance into the medulla.
  • C: Cortical nephrons reach only a short distance into the medulla, while juxtamedullary nephrons extend deep into it, with the latter being crucial for water conservation.
  • D: Both cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons equally contribute to the production of hyperosmotic urine.

Explanation

The text clearly distinguishes between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons: '85% are cortical nephrons, which reach only a short distance into the medulla. The remainder, the juxtamedullary nephrons, extend deep into the medulla. Juxtamedullary nephrons are essential for production of urine that is hyperosmotic to body fluids, a key adaptation for water conservation in mammals.' Option C accurately reflects these points.