[Campbell Biology P.1056] Which statement correctly describes the synthesis, storage, and rel... | Practice Question

Which statement correctly describes the synthesis, storage, and release of hormones from the posterior pituitary gland?

  • A: Hormones are synthesized by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus, stored in the posterior pituitary, and released upon nerve impulses.
  • B: Hormones are synthesized in the posterior pituitary, stored in the hypothalamus, and released upon nerve impulses.
  • C: The posterior pituitary synthesizes both ADH and oxytocin, which are then transported to target organs directly.
  • D: ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in the anterior pituitary and transported to the posterior pituitary for release.

Explanation

The posterior pituitary gland is an extension of the hypothalamus. Neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus synthesize antidiuretic hormone ADH and oxytocin. These hormones then travel down the long axons of these cells to the posterior pituitary, where they are stored. When nerve impulses from the hypothalamus arrive, these stored hormones are released into the bloodstream.