[Campbell Biology P.1065] Which of the following statements accurately describe the differenc... | Practice Question

Which of the following statements accurately describe the differences in signaling pathways between water-soluble and lipid-soluble hormones, as depicted in the provided diagram and text? Select all that apply

  • A: Water-soluble hormones typically bind to receptors located on the cell surface.
  • B: Lipid-soluble hormones typically bind to receptors located inside the target cell, either in the cytoplasm or nucleus.
  • C: Water-soluble hormone signaling often involves a signal transduction pathway with relay molecules.
  • D: Lipid-soluble hormones directly influence gene regulation without needing intracellular relay molecules.
  • E: Water-soluble hormones can pass directly through the plasma membrane to exert their effects.
  • F: Both types of hormones always require a secondary messenger system to elicit a cellular response.

Explanation

The diagram clearly illustrates that water-soluble hormones bind to cell-surface receptors and utilize a signal transduction pathway with relay molecules, while lipid-soluble hormones pass through the membrane to bind to intracellular receptors in cytoplasm or nucleus and directly affect gene regulation. Therefore, options A, B, C, and D are correct. Options E and F misrepresent these mechanisms.