[Campbell Biology P.1056] Which of the following best describes the structural and functional... | Practice Question

Which of the following best describes the structural and functional difference between the posterior pituitary and the anterior pituitary?

  • A: The posterior pituitary is an extension of neural tissue from the hypothalamus, while the anterior pituitary is a separate endocrine gland that synthesizes its own hormones.
  • B: The anterior pituitary stores hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus, while the posterior pituitary synthesizes its own hormones.
  • C: Both glands are extensions of neural tissue, but they secrete different sets of hormones.
  • D: Both glands are endocrine glands that synthesize hormones, but the anterior pituitary targets only reproductive organs.

Explanation

The posterior pituitary is structurally an extension of the neural tissue from the hypothalamus, acting as a storage and release site for neurohormones synthesized in the hypothalamus ADH and oxytocin . In contrast, the anterior pituitary is a distinct endocrine gland that synthesizes and secretes its own hormones e.g., growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone in response to regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus.