[Campbell Biology P.463] Which statement best describes the unique characteristic of retrovi... | Practice Question

Which statement best describes the unique characteristic of retroviruses that allows them to integrate their genetic material into the host genome?

  • A: They possess a protein coat that directly binds to host DNA.
  • B: They use reverse transcriptase to synthesize DNA from an RNA template.
  • C: They have an envelope that facilitates entry into host cells.
  • D: Their single-stranded RNA genome directly functions as mRNA.

Explanation

Retroviruses are unique among viruses in their ability to use reverse transcriptase to synthesize a DNA copy from their RNA genome. This DNA copy, called a provirus, can then integrate into the host cell's genome, allowing the viral genes to be transcribed and translated by the host machinery.